Verifiable Credentials: Standards, Use Cases & DPG Platforms
Centre for Digital
Public Infrastructure
Public Infrastructure
Standards & FormatsWhat shape the credential takes
The Six Standards
W3C VC Data Model
W3C / DIF
Format · JSON-LD / JWT
Education · B2B · Supply Chain · IoT
ISO 18013-5 mDL
ISO / IEC
Format + Proximity Protocol
Licenses · Physical ID · Travel · Offline
OID4VC (OID4VCI + OID4VP)
OpenID Foundation
Protocol · Transport Layer
Wallets · APIs · Issuance · Verification
AnonCreds (ZKP)
Hyperledger / AnonCreds WG
Format · Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Health · Age predicates · Privacy-max
SD-JWT VC
IETF OAuth WG
Format · JWT-native
KYC · Selective disclosure · Fintech
EBSI / eIDAS 2.0
European Commission
Ecosystem · Legal framework
National ID · Gov EU · SME · EUDIW
12 Use Cases at a Glance
National IDEBSI + mDL ISO
EducationW3C VC + OID4VC
Driver's LicensemDL ISO 18013-5
SME IdentityEBSI + W3C VC
HealthcareAnonCreds (ZKP)
KYC / FinanceSD-JWT VC + OID4VC
Professional LicensesW3C VC + EBSI
Age VerificationAnonCreds / mDL
Supply ChainW3C VC + OID4VC
Tourism / TravelmDL + OID4VC
Agriculture / ESGW3C VC + UNTP
Gov Digital ServicesEBSI + W3C VC
DPG Platform × Use Case MatrixWhich platform supports what today
| Use Case | INJI | CREDEBL | walt.id | QuarkID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🪪 National ID | ✓ | ◑ | ✓ | ◑ |
| 🎓 Education | ◑ | ✓ | ✓ | ◑ |
| 🚗 Driver's License | ✓ | — | ✓ | — |
| ✈️ Tourism / Travel | ✓ | — | ✓ | — |
| 🏥 Healthcare / ZKP | — | ✓ | ◑ | ◑ |
| 🏦 KYC / Finance | ◑ | ◑ | ✓ | ◑ |
| 🌾 Agriculture / ESG | ◑ | ◑ | ✓ | ◑ |
| 🏛️ Gov Digital | ✓ | ◑ | ✓ | ✓ |
✓ Native production support
◑ Partial / in development
— Not supported today
Critical Interoperability Gaps
AnonCreds ≠ OID4VP (today)
CREDEBL's ZKP capability only works over DIDComm. No standard OID4VP path yet. ETA: 12–24 months.
QuarkID's WACI-DIDComm divergence
WACI-DIDComm is not directly compatible with OID4VP verifiers. Bridge required for global interop.
Apple Wallet: mDoc-only (no OID4VP)
Safari DC API supports org-iso-mdoc only. SD-JWT VC and W3C VC cannot be presented via Safari today.
Bridge pattern — proven in production
OID4VC ↔ DIDComm hybrid possible: DIDComm endpoint embedded in DID after OID4VC handshake. Demonstrated: IATA One ID (Oct 2024).
DPG PlatformsArchitecture & sweet spot
INJI (MOSIP)
MOSIP · Open-source DPG
OID4VCI · OID4VP · SD-JWT VC · ISO 18013-5
🎯 Government-scale national credential programs. 100M+ IDs in production across 10+ countries. OID4VC + mDL native. Components: Inji Wallet, Inji Web, Inji Certify, Inji Verify.
CREDEBL (AYANWORKS)
AYANWORKS · LFDT · Hyperledger
DIDComm v1/v2 · AnonCreds · OID4VC · SD-JWT VC
🎯 ZKP-max privacy use cases. Only DPG with production AnonCreds predicates. Built on Credo (ex-Aries Framework JS). Dual-stack: DIDComm legacy + OID4VC modern path.
walt.id
walt.id GmbH · EUDIW-aligned
OID4VCI · OID4VP · SIOPv2 · W3C VC · SD-JWT VC · mDoc
🎯 EU regulatory contexts and multi-format wallets. Most ARF/HAIP-aligned platform. Simultaneous support for all major formats. Best fit for EUDIW pilots.
QuarkID
Buenos Aires · Extrimian · LATAM
WACI-DIDComm · W3C VC · zkSync L2 · BBS+
🎯 LATAM government digital identity. Blockchain-anchored trust (zkSync). Production in Buenos Aires. DIDComm-primary — OID4VC bridge needed for global interop.
Decision Quick-Guide
🏛️ Gov scale + OID4VC → INJI
🇪🇺 EU regulatory / EUDIW → walt.id
🔏 ZKP privacy-max → CREDEBL
🌎 LATAM government → QuarkID
🪪 mDL / offline physical ID → INJI or walt.id
📦 Supply chain / agriculture → walt.id + W3C VC + OID4VC
The Four Layers (Stack)
L4 TRUST Trust Registry · EBSI · OpenID Federation
L3 TRANSPORT OID4VCI · OID4VP · DIDComm · ISO proximity
L2 FORMAT W3C VC · SD-JWT VC · mDoc · AnonCreds
L1 IDENTIFIERS DID Core · did:web · did:key · did:ion